Tipi Tales Analysis

Tipi Tales Analysis Mahealani Subad As children grow, we try to teach them certain values that will help them later in life to become good human beings. Some of the teachings can be taught from children shows as they show scenarios of life lessons, such as honesty, through characters that children attach themselves too. In the children show Tipi Tales (Oswald 2002), it presents children with life lessons and stories that based upon Indigenous culture through puppeteer work. With the children show ended in 2007, it taught lessons, specifically Ojibwe teachings, and converting some of the values from those teachings into characters to make the show relatable to younger audiences (Ojibwe Teachings The 7 Grandfathers). The show was seen as a way to present Indigenous culture to Canadian children in a way to connect the indigenous community with prime-time television as it was mainly shown on the popular television station Treehouse (Course Entertainment 2002). Within the show, Tipi Tales (Oswald 2002) follows four cousins of Indigenous descent who visit their great-grandparents where they are taught life lessons from various characters who resemble Ojibwe teachings. In the childrens show, there are seven animal characters, in which, each of the animal characters correspond with the Ojibwe teaching of the Seven Grandfather Teachings (Ojibwe Teachings The 7 Grandfathers). The Seven Grandfather Teachings are the ethical values of the Ojibwe people, which consists of humility, bravery, honesty, wisdom, truth, respect and love (Ojibwe Teachings The 7 Grandfathers).ÂÂ   These values that the Ojibwe had set was apart of their oral traditions that have been passed down by elders within the community (Verbos and Humphries 2013). The values were told through story that conveyed the meaning of how human beings should behave whether if it is towards each other or the Earth (Verbos and Humphries 2013). An example of the values and the relation i t has with human beings and the Earth would be respect as it attaches itself to all creations such as nature, creatures and people (Verbos and Humphries 2013). In indigenous culture, nature is not seen as an object, but as a living thing, in which, indigenous people believe that the Earth should not be treated or be exploited by human beings at the expense of other forms of life (Verbos and Humphries 2013). The way Tipi Tales portray these values sets them in an understanding that children can comprehend the meaning of each lesson taught within each episode of the show. However, when analyzing the show, I did not comprehend the Indigenous origins of the values that were being portrayed within the show. Although the show involved an indigenous family and had undertones of Indigenous music during the title sequence, I had to look further into learning about the 7 Grandfather teachings to truly understand the indigenous origins behind the show. Nonetheless, with the exclusion of the extensive research to understand the origin of values taught within Tipi Tales, it does create a cultural outreach to Canadian audiences as there are not many children shows that present an indigenous culture or identity on prime-time television. As mentioned before, Tipi Tales was one of the two shows, along side The Mole Sisters, to present the rich and oral traditions of Canadas Aboriginal community and our strong literary traditions on Canadian prime-time television (Course Entertainment 2002). By making the decision of adding a children show based upon Indigenous teachings, it can be seen as respectable allowing diversity into younger audiences entertainment as the show is shares the values of the Seven Grandfather Teachings of the Ojibwe people. The show can be a starting point into introducing Indigenous culture to children as there are aspects of the culture that everyone can learn from, especially as an adult as life can be construed fr om the mistreatment and exploitation that we see often that effects the Earth or our everyday lives. Upon researching the children show, Tipi Tales, I had only heard of the show and watched some of the episode as a child not putting any thought into the show as it seemed like any other children show that taught life lessons of how to be kind and to treat others the way they wanted to be treated. However, with taking another look at the show, it presents a deeper meaning as the show introduces life lessons in the perspective of Indigenous culture where the whole show is based upon the Seven Grandfather Teachings of love, honesty, bravery, wisdom, humility, truth, and respect. All values a child must learn and with the extent that the values can be applied to nature as it is seen as animated. Bibliography Ojibwe Teachings The 7 Grandfathers. Anishinabek Bumadizone:An Ojibwe Peoples Resource. Accessed March 18, 2017. http://ojibweresources.weebly.com/ojibwe-teachingsthe-7-grandfathers.html. Tipi Tales. Directed by Lesley Oswald. By Nancy Trites Botkin. Performed by Herbie Barnes, Jane Skene, Rebecca Gibson, Ryan Rajendra Black, Michelle St. John, and Jules Desjarlais. 2002. Treehouse TV Brings Canadas Literary and Aboriginal Oral Traditions to Television for Young Viewers. Corus Entertainment. 2002. Accessed March 20, 2017. http://www.corusent.com/news/treehouse-tv-brings-canadas-literary-and-aboriginal-oral-traditions-to-televison-for-young-viewers/. Verbos, Amy Klemm, and Maria Humphries. A Native American Relational Ethic: An Indigenous Perspective on Teaching Human Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics 123, no. 1 (2013): 1-9. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1790-3.

A View from the Bridge: Relation Ship Between Eddie & Catherine

Eddie and Catherine are two important characters form the play â€Å"A View From The Bridge† by Arthur Miller. The play takes place in Brooklyn around 1950’s. Catherine is an orphan who grew up with her aunt and her aunt’s husband. She sees them as her parents. Eddie who is her aunt’s husband is like a real father to Catherine. Eddie and Catherine’s relationship changes from father and daughter to woman and man throughout the play. This change affects everybody around them and causes problems which ends tragically. In the play there are several main stages that show us the changes in Eddie and Catherine’s relationship.These stages are usually small incidents but each of them develops a new point to the relationship. The first point is on page 6 where Eddie starts commenting on Catherine’s skirt then goes on to criticize her walk and her actions. In that conversation Catherine says, â€Å" â€Å"Eddie, I wish there was one guy you cou ldn’t tell me things about! † This dialogue shows that Eddie has been overprotective before and Catherine has realized it. She does not say it seriously but rather, a joke; however she is actually trying to express that he’s being too overprotective.The device of depicting Italian and Sicilian immigrants, enables Miller to make them more or less articulae in English. Only Alfiery is a properly articulate, educated speaker of American English: for this reason he can explain Eddie’s actions to us, but not Eddie, who does not really speak his language. Eddie, who does not really speak his language. Eddie uses a naturalistic Brooklyn slang. His speech is simple, but at the start of the play is more colourful, as he tells Catherine she is â€Å"walkin’ wavy† and as he calls her â€Å"Madonna†Catherine’s speech is more often in grammatically standard forms, but not always. Her meekness is shown in the frequency with which her speeches begin with â€Å"Yeah†, agreeing with, or qualifying, Eddie’s comments. Rodolpho speaks with unnatural exactness. The words are all English but the phrases are not always idiomatic. He recalls vivid details of his life in Sicily, and he is given to poetic comparisons as when, on page 46, he likens Catherine to â€Å"a little bird† that has not been allowed to fly.Marco has to think before he can speak in whole phrases or sentences: this means he says little, which reinforces two ideas: that Marcois thoughtful, and that he is a man of action, rather than words. e Eddie Carbone is the tragic protagonist of â€Å" The view from the bridge†. He is constantly self-interested, wanting to promote and protect his innocence. Eddie creates a fictional fantasy world where his absurd decisions make sense, where calling the Immigration Bureau in the middle of an Italian community that prides itself on protecting illegal immigrants has no repercussions.In Eddieâ€℠¢s world, he imagines protecting Catherine from marriage or an male relationship and wants her for himself. While Eddie wavers and switches between communal and state laws and cultures, his motivations do not change. Eddie constantly looks out for himself at the expense of others and is ruled by personal love and guilt. There are several moments in the text where the audience is given clues that Eddie’s love for Catherine may not be normal. For example, when Catherine lights Eddie’s cigar in the living room, it is an event that gives Eddie unusual pleasure.This possibly warm and affectionate act between niece and uncle has phallic suggestions. Depending on interpretation by the actors, this moment many have more or less sexual undertones. Eddie’s great attention to his attractive niece and impotence in his own marital relationship immediately makes this meaning clear. Although Eddie seems unable to understand his feelings for his niece until the end of the play, other characters are aware. Beatrice is the first to express this possibility in her conversation with Catherine.Alfieri also realizes Eddie’s feelings during his first conversation with Eddie. Eddie does not comprehend his feelings until Beatrice clearly articulates his desires in the conclusion of the play,† You want somethin’ else, Eddie, and you can never have her! † Eddie does not realize his feelings for Catherine because he has constructed an imagined world where he can suppress his urges. This suppression is what devastates Eddie. Because He has no outlet for his feelings, even in his own conscious mind, Eddie transfers his energy to hatred of Marco and Rodolpho nd causes him to act completely irrationally. Eddie’s final need to secure or retrieve his good name from Marco is a result of Eddie’s failure to protect Catherine from Marco. Eddie believes he will regain his pride in the community, another wholly self-interested act. Eddie e scaped restraint because he escaped all thoughts of other people or the community at large. Eddie’s â€Å"wholeness† is a whole interest in himself. Eddie’s tragic flaw is the bubble, the constructed world he exists within, but is unable to escape or recognize.

Witches And The Witch Trials - 1887 Words

In Europe from the late fifteenth to early seventeenth centuries many people, both men and women, were persecuted as witches. The reasons for the persecution of individuals as witches included gender discrimination, religious fanaticism, an explanation for the otherwise unexplainable events that took place, and even as a way for secular officials to gain more wealth. Misogyny being a cause to the witch trials may have resulted from the new roles of women in society conflicting with the traditional views of women as sinful, and also accounts for why the majority of individuals persecuted were women. A religious spark was ignited during the Protestant Reformation as people became more religiously devoted and wanted to eliminate threats to their faith, such as witches. Many strange occurrences such as disease or even non-harmful events that were simply unexplainable led people to believe witches as the causes. Some people may have not even believed another person to be a witch but may h ave just wanted wealth and that person’s possessions and declared them a witch for that reason. All these factors contributed to the period now known as the witch craze, which resulted in the torture and death of many people. One of the main factors in the persecution of witches comes from the men of the time’s misogynistic attitudes. During this time, women were beginning to take more prominent roles in society, like the notable humanist Christine de Pizan or â€Å"The First Lady of the Renaissance,†Show MoreRelatedWitches And The Salem Witch Trials1272 Words   |  6 PagesHistorians called this period the dark time when men and women hunted for witches known as the Salem Witch trials. European descents brought them the belief in witches and the devil. These beliefs that they believed in so much were from the teaching of the catholic church. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for being believed they were witches and followers of Satan. Most of these executions were performed in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Mainly all of the accused victims were womenRead MoreWitches And The Salem Witch Trials1309 Words   |  6 Pageswhat when men and women hunted for witches known as the Salem Witch trials. This time will be forever remembered for the people in the town and the victims and family members of the horrifying time. European descents brought with many of them was the belief in witches and the devil. These beliefs that they believed in so much were from the teaching of the catholic church. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for being believed they were witches and followers of Satan. Most of theseRead MoreWitches And The Salem Witch Trials1676 Words   |  7 PagesMary Walcott, and Mary Warren are very important people in the Salem Witch Trials. There are conflicting opinions on whether or not witches exist. However, when taking a more in-depth look at the trials, it is very evident that witches in 17th century Salem did not exist; children were accusing people out of boredom, parents were using this as a type of revenge, and the witch tests were unjust. The 17th century Salem witch trials all started when 9-year-old Betty Parris and 11-year-old Abigail WilliamsRead MoreThe Witches Of Salem Witch Trials1371 Words   |  6 PagesTammen Salem Witchcraft Trial Theories In the 1690s â€Å"The â€Å"afflicted† girls [whom] made the accusations were some of the most powerless members of their society† (â€Å"Part II: The Witches of Salem†). Salem Witch Trials quickly became famous and researchers began exploring the multiple possibilities behind the trials. Although many theories were considered, none could explain why so many were accused and hanged. Notably, ergot poisoning was a highly considered theory for the Salem trials. 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The children were to be obedient to their parents and follow the ways of â€Å"pureness† outlined before them. They were to serve God and not participate in any form of witchcraft. The Puritans believed that anything that happened was either an act of God or the devil. However, the children loved the stories told by Tituba, a Barbadian slave, belonging to Reverend Parris and dancingRead MoreThe Malleus Maleficarum, By Dominican Inquisitors Heinrich And Jacob Sprenger1671 Words   |  7 PagesSprenger, was used by Catholics and Protestants as a bank of knowledge on how to locate and prosecute witches. Though the text was published in 1487, it was still used as the premier text on witches well into the 18th century. The text is incredibly thorough, covering the topics of witch identification, explanations of how witches make their pacts with the devil, and how to effectively con duct a trial. This text was written to be read by upper class members of the clergy and secular governments. The

The War Of The Vietnam War - 1532 Words

The Vietnam War came at a time of great social and political unrest in America. It was right in the middle of the Cold War, a fierce worldwide battle between Eastern communism and Western democracy. There was already division going on in America at the time, with events like the red scare in Washington creating a growing fear of worldwide communism. The U.S. involvement in Vietnam began with Harry Truman aiding the French in an imperial war from 1946-1954, which the French eventually lost to the Vietminh. The U.S. once again entered Vietnam in 1965, this time involved in a civil war between the democratic South and the communist North. What ensued was one of the most controversial wars in American history, which had a lasting impact that is still felt today. The Vietnam War created numerous tensions across the United States. On the social side, there was race tension due to the legal segregation at the time. There was also class tension that was shown through the biased draft process. Generational tension also existed, as the young people of the nation were in a battle with the older generations of the purpose of the war itself. In terms of political tensions, the war created a severe credibility gap between the government and the people. The war was also viewed as a threat to constitutional democracy. Lastly, the war lacked justification in the minds of many Americans, which caused the rise of an anti-war movement. Therefore, from 1964-1975, the Vietnam War divided theShow MoreRelatedThe War Of Vietnam And The Vietnam War1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe war in Vietnam is The United States and other capitalist bloc countries supported South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) against the support by the Soviet Union and other socialist bloc count ries of North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and the Vietcong of war. Which occurred during the Cold War of Vietnam (main battlefield), Laos, and Cambodia. This is the biggest and longtime war in American history during the 1960s (Best 2008). It is also the most significant war after World War IIRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1475 Words   |  6 Pageson one such event, the Vietnam War, came from entertainment-based programs and the play Miss Saigon. Despite heavy coverage in such well-known comedic films as Forrest Gump and Good Morning Vietnam, the true events were anything but a laugh for those involved. In spite of the relative recentness of the events in Vietnam, many of today’s youths know little about the topic. The events in Vietnam raise the ever-present question on the ethics of third party involvement in a war otherwise unrelated toRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 Pagesspread of communism all around the world. This is what lea d to the gruesome war that lasted over a decade in Vietnam. A great deal of social changed happened all over the world, but particularly in America as the Vietnam War dragged on. 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The ANITWAR MOVEMENT started in the 1960s this group was never enacted until this era. There was not a group like this in Vietnam, but there were many groups that opposed the war. The main object of these revolts was the American military presence in Indochina. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT caused an influence not only socially, but also in the realmRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn July and August of 1972, Jane Fonda made radio broadcasts from Hanoi that changed the way Americans thought of the Vietnam war and of her. To this day, many people view her as a traitor and criticise her actions in Vietnam; however, some people we re truly inspired by her words and what she had to say. Despite people s personal opinions, Fonda was a powerful speaker and knew how to convey her message to her audience. She tried to convince people that the American government and military were the

Policy And Its Effect On Public Services - 4268 Words

Policy and its effect on Public services Economists employed by the government are involved in implementing policies, which were especially established to meet government s objectives that are very often multidimensional. There are four very fundamental objectives for viable economy, including decreasing the unemployment rates in certain regions, lower or stabilise the inflation, constant economic growth and a satisfactory balance of payments position. The UK economy continues to suffer from a number of underlying structural weaknesses. The government is now set on providing the economic framework, which will enhance the opportunity to raise a sustainable rate of economy growth, (Anderton, 2006). Economic growth also known as†¦show more content†¦There are many questions what arise from the topic of the economic growth. For instance, how can nations speed up their economic growth? There are many successful strategies to self-sustained economic growth. According to Keynesian policy prescriptions, long term growt h can be achieved through structural policies such as supply-side policies, which would improve the long term performance of the economy. Supply-side policies emphasize incentives and tax cuts as a means of increasing economic growth. Such policy was espoused by President Reagan in the USA, but also Prime Minister Thatcher in Great Britain, (Nordhaus Samuelson, 2005). Supply-side economists argue, that high taxes lead people to reduce their labour and capital supply. Arthur Laffer has suggested that the high tax rates might actually lower tax revenues, (Nordhaus Samuelson, 2005). This Laffer-curve preposition holds that high tax rates shrink the tax base because they reduce economic activity. However, mainstream, economists doubt the Laffer preposition that cutting tax rates would increase tax revenues, ref. They believed that there s a need for a radical restructuring of the tax system called supply-side tax cut, REF. According to this philosophy, reform should improve incenti ves by lowering marginal tax rates . This would lead to lowering tax burden on high-income individuals, but also encourage productivity and supply

Scenario of the Internal Community Free Essays

A leadership marked by both personal integrity and value-driven vision, it is needless to argue, belongs to one of the most fundamental aspects of a truly effective organization. And as the new principal of a K-6 elementary school, whose composition consists in 450 students, 24 teachers, 15 office personnel and 1 custodian, I would do my best to build a legacy of strong leadership, vision and integrity. To my view, the challenges which the school currently faces all take cue from effective leadership, or its unfortunate lack thereof. We will write a custom essay sample on Scenario of the Internal Community: or any similar topic only for you Order Now If I may correctly surmise, teachers resort to â€Å"power cliques† only when circumstances make room for it; i. e. , when they feel that they can fill up the power vacuum stemming from a system’s the lack of able headship. Just the same, an educational institution begins to suffer from unfriendly atmosphere when a sensible lack of checks and balances within the system is tolerated. Change is therefore a key benchmark at the onset of my assumption of duties. But before making any administrative decision, I shall first circumscribe the nature and scope of the problems at hand, by paying close attention to the concerns of parents, teachers and other members of the community. Come August 1, I shall waste no time in gathering as much pertinent information as possible to figure what is wrong. After briefly introducing myself to the teachers and community, I shall initiate a campus-wide survey that would enable all stakeholders to vent their take on the current school system. The results shall become objects of inquiry during the brainstorming and deliberation of the school’s working vision – an activity which shall be participated in by the entire school’s staff, and shall be held a week before the school year formally commences. During the meeting, I shall be employing a â€Å"non-directive† or â€Å"democratic† approach to the affairs of the deliberation periods. I would empower my staff to brainstorm and deliberate among themselves – under my guidance – the practices that need serious alteration, if only we can work for the greater good of the struggling school community. In this approach, I am borrowing the idea propounded by Jonathan Rix and Kathy Simmons: effective learning institutions, they contend, needs â€Å"to alter† prevalent cultures so as to realign its vision towards maximal learning (2004, p. 67). By August 25, my mission is to communicate the new vision of the institution – collectively discerned, as they were, by the entire school administration and staff – to the parents and custodians concerned and, surely, to the students. On top of such vision, I would also propose the idea of frequent classroom visitations, as well as thorough reviews of all extant instructional objects and learning materials. And since I find inclusivity and involvement as necessary factors for effective learning communities, I shall propose to set convenient but â€Å"non-compromise-able† dates for regular updating, participated in by administrators, parents, students, as well as by some representatives from community organizations. Furthermore, I shall communicate to them the telling importance of mid-year evaluations, by way of school surveys, so as to rectify the seeming lack of checks and balances which the school once suffered from. The rest of the year shall be dedicated to a relentless effort in bringing about concrete fruition to the goals of the institution which has been set for the year. Goal-redefinition, if necessitated, can be accommodated during the mid-year. Critical to this continuing effort is my goal to meet all teachers and staff individually during the year. Personally, I would like to work on concepts that find their concrete correlation with reality. The effort is, obviously, onerous on my part. But I am a firm believe that no great things can be achieved overnight. If I want my educational organization to succeed, I have to undergo the painstaking process of brainstorming and implementing goals, as well as leveling honest reviews in respect its relative success, or lack of it. Running a school entails the continued appreciation of the systems that work, a courage to change what does not work, and the wisdom to know the difference between them. How to cite Scenario of the Internal Community:, Papers

Business Quotations and Insurance Broker

Question: Describe about the Business Quotations and Insurance Broker. Answer: An insurance broker can always stop doing business for any one insurance company of so decided and this can be done by mutual agreement termination. But there may be certain legal implications of such termination of agreement between both broker and insurance company. The broker is a representative of different insurance companies and it acts like an agent of the insurance company but he actually acts as an agent of the insured only although he works for so many insurance companies at a time. The broker gets the remuneration from the insurance company in the form of commission although it acts specifically on behalf of the clients only. The broker is supposed to enter into an agreement or contract to work on behalf of the insurance company. The brokers are an actor on behalf of the client but are paid by the insurance companies even for any type of policy related issues the client will also try to get the resolutions through the said broker. The broker is supposed to do all that an a gent does for the insurance company. He is open to the client in making his decision of choosing the insurance company (Chapter 5 9). (a) New business quotations have been already provided to potential clients and they being valid as within 30 days clause of validity. The insurance company is supposed to respect these valid quotations if any of the recipients is interested to get a new policy done and in that case the new policy will be booked under the brokers code only as the broker has initiated the business. But this new policy will be issued through the brokers office only as the initial discussion was done on the policy by the broker with the said client. Once the contract is terminated the insurance company has the responsibility to inform the third party. Here the quotation placed by the agency will have to be withdrawn by the agency itself. Hence the said client will also be catered to by the broker although the agreement has been terminated mutually by both. But in case the client decides that he is not interested to take the new policy from this insurance company from which the insurance broker has already terminated his agreement. The client may be on knowing this may decide otherwise to have some other insurance companys quotation as the broker is also working for other insurance companies and he can take any policy from any other insurance companies. But in case the client wants to have policy from this insurance company only, the broker will be bound to help the client to get the new policy as per the quotation give to him. (b) Any type of mid-term alterations to the existing policy holders can be done by this insurance company although the brokers agreement has been terminated by both. The policies held by the present and existing clients are valid and are in force hence any changes or alterations or any endorsements can be done in these old policies and in such policies endorsements the brokers engagement is very nominal as the clients will be approaching the insurance company directly or may be if the arrangement be so that they may approach the broker to get the alterations or endorsements done in the policy through the broker. In such cases the broker will and should help out the clients with an idea that he acts on behalf of the clients and not the insurance companies and in future if he caters these clients then they may approach them to make new insurance policies in future from other insurance companies for whom he is still working. The midterm alteration of the policy by the client will have to be informed to the broker. The broker has terminated the agency agreement with the insurance company and therefore the termination factor has to be intimated in due course to the clients by the agency and the insurance company. The client can approach other agency or deal with the alternation issue directly with the insurance company. Any type of alterations is to be required to be done and this does not have any relation with the broker in general as this is a subject matter between the insurance company and the insured only (Chapter 5 9). (c) Policies for which the renewal terms are already accepted by the clients means that the existing clients unaware of the insurance brokers agreement termination with this insurance company have accepted the renewal terms for the existing policies. These policies will remain valid for the next period till renewal or if the client so needs can take up a new policy with the broker but with another insurance company by using the portability facility to make the new policy valid under the broker. The renewal of the policies will have to be dealt in the same manner as in case of alteration of policies. The insurance company has the responsibility inform the insured about the termination of agency contract. The insurance company can ensure the renewal of the policy with the insurance company. The broker is the agent of the insured and not the insurance company hence he may opt to have the relation with the new insurance company through the broker only and will not accept any renewal terms next year or at the time of renewal whichever is earlier (Chapter 5 9). 4 (a) The policy holder have used the property and stayed there during the taking of the policy and at that time he was a resident of that property and was not having any intention to leave the property to stay at any other place. But it is ultimately his property and he can take a decision of staying there or leaving that place and staying elsewhere but letting his friend stay there with his belongings. The owner of the property is staying at a different place with his belongings but his friend is staying at this property along with his belongings and during this stay of the friend with his belongings the property owner did not informed the insurance company. The fire broke out in the meantime when the friend was staying as a tenant. The policy holder has the responsibility to inform about change of occupancy. The insured shall not be negligent. However it would certainly be difficult to prove negligence behaviors. Occupiers Liability Act 1957 clearly suggests that owner cannot deny the p ersonal injury to the person who is using the premises. The insurance company will be liable to pay for the damages. The property owner has raised a claim for the fire damages to his property as well as on the belongings of the friend cum tenant. The insurance is normally done on the basis of the insurable interest on any items of insurance whether it is life or it is any general item. But in the case of the insurable interest there is no need of any insurable interest is declared by Insurance Contracts Act, 1984. Hence the persons are also not to be named in the policy for getting the benefit in case of damages. The legal case of Donoghue v.Stevenson (1932) (b) (i) The insured property owner have not disclosed that he has let out the property to his friend on rent and that is also on unfurnished manner but this is an innocent non-disclosure and this has not affected the policy as a whole as an innocent non-disclosure is acceptable by insurance company and any claim therefore is accepted by them. (ii) The insured property owner has taken up dangerous driving recently but after taking the policy and before the fire broke out in his property. Hence this non-disclosure has not affected the policy at all and this also has no relation with the present situation at all. This disclosure does not affect the policy at all as this is not related to anything to with the combined policy of the house property and its belongings. (Chapters 6 7). (iii) The insured property owner have already raised claim for the property as it is largely damaged by the fire as also its content belonging to the tenant. The policy is not required to name anybody and hence the policy is covering of house property and its belongings and it was not mentioned or by the insurance law it is not mandatory to mention the name of any person hence the belongings of the friend cum tenant will also be paid by the insurance company along with the house property damages. The insurance law is clear from the point of fact that mere disclosure or non disclosure of the interest does not make insurance claim for damage invalid. The disclosure is of two types one innocent and the other fraudulent where the intention is to cheat the insurance company and gain from the policy but here the owner have raised the absolute correct claim without any fraudulent activities or attitude. Here there is no misrepresentation but only non-disclosure of innocence of the property owner although it is not mandatory to mention the name of any person whose belongings are kept in the house property for which the combined insurance policy is taken. The legal case laws can be referred as Smith v. Eric S Bush (1990). This is to be seen by the insurance company if the non-disclosure is having any intention to make gain which out of intentional damage caused to the property in a deliberate manner but if it not so then such non-disclosure is always to fall i the category of innocent type. The case of fraud is extremely critical and this is dealt with very serious importance as this is done to make gain out of taking insurance policy and intentionally damaging property for gain (Chapters 6 7). 5 (a) The insurance policy cover is mainly covering the factory and also third party. The policy if mentions and includes that the rubbish is to be kept at least 15 meters away from the building and this was included as a warranty clause. But the factory owner never bothered to maintain that warranty provisions. Whenever a warranty clause is included then in such cases the property owner needs to take extra precautions to follow such warranty provisions and rules of the policy and hence if such warranty condition is not followed and adhered to then the insurance company can and may decline any claim raised out of any mishap due to violation of the warranty clause. The rubbish stacked beside the factory wall which is as per warranty clauses are to be kept at least 15 meters from the building and the fire took place due to the stack of this rubbish. The rubbish here becomes the main cause of the fire and hence as it violates the warranty clause it can be somehow taken by the insurer that this violation is against the warranty clauses proposed by the insurer. In this case the insurer is at advantage and they can refuse the claim totally as well as they can reduce the claim ad hoc as per their discretion and management. Marks claim may be justified that the warranty covers that rubbish must be kept 15 metres away from the building but it is not mentioned in the warranty if fire takes out of this rubbish then what is the outcome of the policy. Hence this point can become a point of contention between the insurers and Mark both and take the policy resolution to a different effect Napier v. Hunter (1993). (Chapter 8). (b) The reasonable care should have been taken to avoid the injury inflicted on the employer due to fire broken out in the Marks factory. The factory fire borne injury which is also covered by the insurance company and if this was registered in the factory records then the employer would have been compensated properly and in time. But due to negligence in the part of the owner the injury of the employee was not recorded and this employee was laid off after declared medically unfit after two months of the fire broke out in the factory. Reference can be done to legal case of White v. South Yorkshire Police (1999) which justifies that any reasonable care should be taken to avoid any type of damage whatsoever. The damage caused due to fire should have been recorded and informed to the insurance company within the stipulated time to get the claim for the employee. Hence the claim raised by the employee on Mark is justified and valid but Marks claim on the insurance company after two months of the event is not justified as per time clause of the insurance policy if any. The insurance company can refuse to attend the claim due to delay but if so then the owner of the factory is bound to compensate the employee as due to the factory fire only he loses his job and became medically unfit to work. Hence the precautionary measure should always be taken. (c) The stolen goods preservation is having no relation with anyone of the cases above as this neither affects the fire taking place due to rubbish and also it is not affecting the employee getting injured due to fire in the factory and is laid off by factory owner as he became medically unfit after two months of the fire. If the fire would have broken out due to the storage of these stolen goods then the effect would have been justified on both events. Hence in these two cases the effect of stolen goods is absolutely not related and also not present. The stolen goods kept in the factory may be an insurance policy violation but it cannot be proved as the fire did not affect through the stolen goods (Chapter 8). 6 (a) Jack a farmer having two greenhouses and these got damaged due to storm and was totally loss for him and due to this he raised a claims on the insurance company to settle his claim and make his loss good. But the insurance companys loss adjuster have observed that one greenhouse have collapsed due to weakening of the foundation from water seepage on the land from the adjoining neighbors field which was unaware to the farmer and the storm helped in the collapse of one greenhouse. The farmer was not at all aware of the foundations weakness problem due to the water seepage from the neighbors field beside his greenhouse. The farmer has not done anything to deliberately hide from the insurance company for taking the policy. The insurance company in such case has to admit the claim as there is no violations of disclosure as well as breach of contract or neither any fraudulent act. Legal case can be referred as Brotherton v. Aseguradora (2003). The greenhouse collapse due to seeping of wate r in the foundations; which is not exclusion of the specific nature. (b) The farmer was not at all aware that his second greenhouse is under risk due to damage out of defect in design. The other greenhouse was observed by the loss adjuster that its design was defective which was also unaware to the farmer and hence due to that drawback the greenhouse collapsed during the storm. The insurance company in this case needs to respect the claim due to various legal cases where it is judgment is done as that when any material fact was not violated or kept hidden from the insurance company at the time of taking the policy or during the policy running period then in such a case the insurance company cannot deny the insured off his claim. Hence the claim thus lodged by the farmer Jack is valid is supposed to be admitted and paid. Legal case can be referred as the case of Container Transport International Inc. v. Oceanus Mutual Underwriting Association (Bermuda) Ltd (1984). Specific exclusion cannot affect the claim thus lodged by Jack as the specific exclusion does not have any effect on this claim. And this is due to that in such cases specific claims will not have any effect as the case does not fall under the specific exclusion clause. Hence the specific exclusion clause should be more a specific one and not just a vague one as this cannot relate to the exact nature of this claim (Chapter 8). 7: The principal of indemnity assets when there is loss caused by accident to the property. The insured assets shall be put back to the place where it belongs to. This signifies that the insured shall not receive more than the actual amount of loss sustained. This policy of the insurance company is always subject to the term of sum assured. This can be put into much better terms; On the happening of the loss the insurer shall try to put back the insured into same financial position which the insured used to occupy before the loss. This can only happen if the insurance is properly arranged and it is done on the full value of the assets. There are two important terms dealing with such situations. There terms are Under-insurance and restrictive. The insured or the policy holder once sustains the loss; the sum insured is more than actual value of the assets, then the restrictive terms come in to play and the insured will receive only the actual amount of loss. If in case the sum assured is of higher amount than the actual property value, then even the insured will receive the money of actual loss. The principal of indemnity is carried on in the case of Mueller v. Western Union Insurance Co. (1974). The judgment highlighted some parts of contract insurance. According to the judgment the insured will be fully indemnified in case of contract insurance not accidental insurance and life insurance but the insured shall not be more than indemnified (Chapter 11). The selection of sum assured for the insurance company is an important part to indemnify the insured. The proper sum assured is the important part and it is the ceiling within which the indemnity will have to be considered. If it is not a total loss of the property then the insurer will pay proportionate amount which is corresponding the ratio between the sum assured and the actual value. There is no point in terms of the insurance terms to pay for the higher sum assured. The proper valuation of the asset has to be done before choosing the right some assured. Here in this case Mr and Mrs Hughes insured their property from ATK plc, a UK-based insurer. The sum assured of the policy is divided as following; Building: 300,000 General contents: 50,000 Fine art: 17,000 Jewellery: 10,000 Fire totally destroyed the building but some of the assets are recovered. The 10% of the general content has been recovered from the fire. During initiation of the process of indemnify the following things came in front of the insurer; The building was insured at the market price but to reconstruct such building the cost will be around 350,000. According to the insurance term the indemnity amount cannot cross the ceiling of sum assured, despite the building reconstruction cost at 350,000, Mr and Mrs Hughes will be indemnified with the amount of 300,000 as it is the sum assured amount. The value of the general content was 75,000 but the sum assured value is of the general content was 50,000. Mr and Mrs Hughes have been able to save 10% of the general content. Therefore the maximum indemnity amount will be 90% of the sum assured which is 45,000. The market value of the painting was at 12,000 when the asset was destroyed. The sum assured amount of the painting was of 17,000. The indemnity amount here shall not cross the value of actual loss which is the restrictive price below the ceiling of sum assured. Mr and Mrs Hughes will be indemnified with the amount of 12,000. 8:(a) The increasing trend of employers liability insurance (EL) is in rise. Despite the fall in reported number of injuries, the SMEs in UK have increased the level of claim for personal injuries of the employees. It is completely reasonable that the employees can claim for the damages caused in the workplace. Employers liability insurance is compulsory in UK business. The compulsory minimum level of insurance is 5m but most of the insurance companies are offering the insurance at 10m. The workplace need to have an accident book which will be used for recording all incidents. The information has to be recorded accurately. The liability of the employer increases as and when an employee meets with an accident. The safety issues of a workplace have to be taken on record by the insurance company before insuring employers liability insurance (EL). The safety standard of the work place has to be in accordance with the insurance company or else the insurance premium will have to be determined by the insurance company. Each and every employee working in the work place shall have to have duty of care against the other employee. Even an accident is caused by a fellow employee that can be pursued as a claim. The personal injury compensation caused by the negligence of fellow employee then doctrine of Vicarious Liability can be brought against the employer for the negligence (Chapter 12). In order to apply Vicarious Liability the negligence of the employee must be in course of his employment. The negligence of the other employee or self induced conflict and hurt can be compensated if it is proved that it has significant impact on the health of the other employee. In the case Page v. Smith (1996) House of Lords established the fact that the primary victim need only to show personal injury caused by the negligence of other employee. The impact of the injury is foreseeable or not is not deepened on the primary victim. Here in this case the personal injury caused by a fellow employee. If that injury was due to the negligence, then the primary victim shall have to be compensated for the injury. (b) The water damage has been caused by the plumber. The damage is worth of 1,500 to a household policyholder. The loss was not covered by the policy term. The important aspect of the policy term is that it will always be followed by the insurance company. Another important aspect of the case is that the policyholder is in breach of the unoccupancy clause. According to Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932) the damage caused by negligence is covered. The damage cussed by the plumber is not covered under the insurance term. As the insurance company will be bound to follow the terms of insurance, therefore policyholder will not receive the damage worth of 1,500. (C) The fire insurance protects the interest of the building owner. The principal of indemnity in general insurance comes in when the loss was caused by an accident. Accident is the term which cannot be done intentionally but negligence can be the reason for the accident. The insurance company shall have to put back the asset where it belongs to. The insured shall not receive more than the loss it sustained and there is one important term of sum assured also comes into play. The logic of the general insurance is to put back the insured into same financial position as it was before the loss. The valuation aspect is the important part of general insurance. The excess sum assured will not help the insured to claim the higher amount but the valuation of damage will come into play. According to Smith v. Colonial Mutual Fire Insurance Co (1880) two important terms Under-insurance and restrictive comes in case of indemnity. The damage here is caused by the tenant accidentally. The insurance cover is mainly to protect the property against any damage. The unintentional or the accidental damage is covered under fire insurance. Therefore the claim of 250,000 to a landlord whose property was damaged by fire is valid claim (Chapter 12). 9:(a) The importance of the contractual term is important to recognize the liability and the obligation. Here in this case it can be found that the contractual term has the binging to bring it to the attention of the other party. The injury to the party is one important aspect of the contract law. The visitor visiting the area had no such option to see the terms of visiting the place. According to Chapleton v. Barry UDC (1940) claimant can ask to the compensation as he was not been aware of the terms of visiting the place or he neither been made aware of that. Here in this case the car part had sign with a disclaimer notice. There will be no repudiating all liability relating to visiting the place. The obligation of the management or the owner of the premises is to ensure that the place is protected and every visitor is made aware of the situation that can cause injury to the visitor. The role of the owner is not restricted; he has to play an important role in handing the situation. If the visitor is not made aware of the situation, the he will have to pay compensation for the damage. Here in this case there was a caution board in the parking place. The visitor was aware of the risk but still he could not avoid the accident that inflicted damage. The visitor has to be cautious against such risk. The board limits the responsibility of the owner to pay for the damage caused to the visitor. The caution was good enough to aware the visitor about the damage and its obligation. The responsibility of the owner was well shared but the visitor could not help him to save from the accident. Here the damage is caused by the uneven surface and hence visitors have no claim (Chapter 4). (b) Here in this case DEF plc shorted fuel but accidentally an escape of fuel from the tank caused severe damage to the property of neighbor. The tanks were in good shape but still the oil escape has caused damage to the property of the neighbor. This is an important responsibility to be shared by the company. The responsibility comes with the tort part. The company cannot avoid from the payment of compensation. The extra cushion should have been taken by the company to protect the fuel tank. The negligence on the part of the company as it was sure of the quality of the tanks and therefore did not give careful consideration about the tank and the risk involved in escaping oil. The escaping oil has significant impact on the neighbor and that inflicted damage. This is a significant part which needs to be dealt with. The company has to pay for the damage it caused due to negligence. This case is related to the Tort cases. The negligence is important here that is the prime cause of the incident. Occupiers Liability Act 1957 does allow that person may exclude liability caused by the negligence only if it can prove that the exclusion was reasonable. The important aspect of the law is to be followed to understand the relation between the damage and the negligence. According to Smith v. Eric S Bush (1990), the negligence of DEF plc cannot be denied. Therefore it is important establish the damage and the compensation caused by the damage. (c) The food poisoning is has significant liability including the criminal liability. Here in this case DEF plc which is the manufacturer of foods has found out that recent manufactured foods were poisoned. The reason of food poisoning can be tracked to the stock of the foods received from the supplier. There cannot be an exclusion of DEF plc on the ground that the raw material was contaminated or poisoned. Each and every company supplying food or manufacturing food needs to take the extra burden of quality checking. The lab testing of foods and the raw materials are important practice that each and every company shall adopt but it was not applied by the company. The food poising case was registered against the foods prepared and supplied. The need was to ensure that food does not harm citizens. Here due to negligence of the company poisoned food caused great damage. The liability of the company increases significantly and this liability will not be limited to paying of compensation. The duty of care automatically comes to the manufacturer. The testing of the product was important before releasing to the market and even the stock should have been texted before the manufacturer. The responsibility of the quality rests with DEF plc. According to the judgment of McLoughlin v. OBrian, the responsibility of the manufacturer is to ensure the quality of the product to be manufactured or suppli ed. The duty of care shall be there. (Chapter 8 and 11) 10: The duty of care is important aspect of the business. The construction company should have ensured the fact that it can deal with enough responsibility to provide good quality construction. The warehouse was damaged and cracks came in the warehouse. The responsibility of the owner was so significant. The owner insured the property. The insured property if impacted by any damage insurance company shares the responsibility of paying for the damage. Here the damage was caused by the negligence of the builder but the owner of the property will receive the insurance claim as he insured the property and the insurance company saw the quality of construction. The loss caused by the damaged will be indemnified. The principal is motioned in the case of Castellain V. Preston (1883). The judgment highlighted some parts of contract insurance. The duty of care is with the construction company while putting up the structure. The testing of the product was important before releasing to the market and even the stock should have been texted before the manufacturer. The warehouse was built by DFK plc. The cracks in the wall have to be insured. The important aspect of the insurance business is to ensure that loss caused by the damage has to be indemnified. The judgment pointed out the fact that the insured will be fully indemnified in case the property is damaged but important fact of the indemnity is that the insured shall not be indemnified more than the loss. The construction company has its responsibility. The warehouse construction is insured by a UK-based insurer. The need was to ensure that food does not harm citizens. Here due to negligence of the construction company it caused damage to the property. The liability will increase significantly and should not be for paying compensation. The reason for the loss of the assets has to be verified and the loss caused by the negligence of the builder shall not go unnoticed. The damage caused by the crack in the building can be indemnified by the insurance company (Chapter 8, 11 and 12)